LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
Page 36: Fig. 1.1. The Montecitorio Obelisk, also called `Campus Martius obelisk´ and `Campense´,
standing in front of the Palazzo Montecitorio in Rome, today in use by the
Italian Parliament. Augustus brought this obelisk from Heliopolis in Egypt to
Rome and erected it on the Campus Martius
(photo: F.X. Schütz September 2015).
Page 37: Fig. 1.2. The obelisk standing on the Piazza del Popolo in
Rome, also called `Flaminio´. Augustus brought this obelisk from Heliopolis in
Egypt to Rome and erected it on the spina
of the Circus Maximus (photo: F.X. Schütz May 2016).
Page 38: Fig. 1.3. The obelisk standing on the Piazza di San Pietro in
the Vatican, also known as the `Vatican obelisk´. This obelisk was made for the
Forum Iulium at Alexandria and
dedicated by Gaius Cornelius Gallus at the order of Octavian/ Augustus, who had
also commissioned the Forum Iulium.
Caligula brought this obelisk to Rome and erected it in the circus of his horti at the ager Vaticanus
(photo: F.X. Schütz).
Page 39: Fig. 1.4. The reconstructed Ara
Pacis Augustae in Rome, Museo dell'ARA PACIS. Note that this is the
west-side of the precinct that surrounds the altar proper. In the current
installation, this side is now oriented to the south (photo: F.X. Schütz May 2016).
Page 40: Fig. 1.5. The obelisk (one of a pair) standing behind the
Church of S. Maria Maggiore in Rome, also known as the `Esquiline obelisk´.
Augustus commissioned this obelisk for his Mausoleum (photo: F.X. Schütz May 2016).
Page 40: Fig. 1.6. The obelisk (one of a pair) standing in front of the
Palazzo del Quirinale in Rome, also known as the `Quirinal obelisk´. Augustus
commissioned this obelisk for his Mausoleum (photo: F.X. Schütz May 2016).
Page 41: Fig. 1.7. `Cleopatra's Needle´ (one of a pair of obelisks),
London, Victoria Embankment. Augustus brought this obelisk from Heliopolis to
Alexandria and erected it in front of the Temple of the divinized Caesar
(photo: F.X. Schütz 21-II-2016).
Page 41: Fig. 1.8. `Cleopatra's Needle´ (one of a pair of obelisks), New
York City, Central Park. Augustus brought this obelisk from Heliopolis to
Alexandria and erected it in front of the Temple of the divinized Caesar.
After: L. Habachi 2000, Fig. 95 on p. 99.
Page 42: Fig. 1.9. The Mausoleum Augusti in Rome. Augustus
began, as some scholars suggest, in 31 BC, or rather in 29, after his return
from Alexandria, to build this dynastic tomb for his family (photo: F.X. Schütz
1-X-2016).
Page 47: Fig. 2. Marble altar dedicated to Divus Augustus. Palestrina,
Museo Barberiano (inv. no. not indicated; Iacopi 1973, no. 77. After: Häuber
(2014, p. 43 Fig. 17d).
Page 51: Figs. 3.1a; 3.1b; 3.3; 3.4. Details from G.B. Nolli's large Rome map (1748). Fig. 3.1a shows a detail of the first
phase of the map, with wrong representation of the lying shaft of the
Montecitorio Obelisk in situ. After:
F. Ehrle 1932. Fig. 3.1b shows
Nolli's corrected second version of this detail of his Rome map (1748,
"secondo stato"). After: M. Bevilacqua (1998, 15). Fig. 3.3 shows the detail with the
incised corner of the former Palazzo Fiano-Almagià. Fig. 3.4 shows the area of S. Giovanni in Laterano. After: F. Ehrle
(1932).
Page 52: Fig. 3.2. The
north-west corner of the junction of the roads Via in Lucina and Via del
Giardino Theodoli, looking from south towards the incised corner of the former
Palazzo Fiano-Almagià. Photo: F.X. Schütz (29-V-2016).
27
Pages 62-63 : Fig. 3.5. Map of the Campus
Martius in Rome in the Imperial period, with the immediately adjacent
quarters of the City within the Servian city Wall. The map is based on the
official photogrammetric data of Roma Capitale and is oriented so that North is
in the middle of the top border, or, in other words, it is oriented according
to `grid north´. The photogrammetric data were generously provided by the
Sovraintendente ai Beni Culturali of Roma Capitale. C. Häuber, reconstruction.
This map was made with the "AIS ROMA" (C. Häuber and F.X. Schütz
2017).
Pages 64-65 : Fig.3.5.1. Inscription
which is inserted into the façade of the Palazzo on the east side of the Via
del Corso, at approximately the site where the Arco di Portogallo once stood
(photo: F. X. Schütz 1-X-2016).
Pages 66-67: Fig. 3.6. Detail of the map shown on Fig. 3.5. Map of the Campus
Martius showing the area, where the Montecitorio Obelisk and the Ara Pacis
were found with integration of Edmund Buchner's reconstruction of the Ara
Pacis. The map is based on the official photogrammetric data of Roma Capitale
and is oriented so that North is in the middle of the top border, or, in other
words, it is oriented according to `grid north´. The photogrammetric data were
generously provided by the Sovraintendente ai Beni Culturali of Roma Capitale.
C. Häuber, reconstruction. This map was made with the "AIS ROMA" (C.
Häuber and F.X. Schütz 2017).
Pages 68-69: Fig. 3.7. Map of the Campus
Martius in the Augustan period, showing also adjacent areas. The map is
based on the official photogrammetric data of Roma Capitale and is oriented so
that North is in the middle of the top border, or, in other words, it is
oriented according to `grid north´. The photogrammetric data were generously
provided by the Sovraintendente ai Beni Culturali of Roma Capitale. C. Häuber,
reconstruction. This map was made with the "AIS ROMA" (C. Häuber and
F.X. Schütz 2017).
Pages 70-71: Fig. 3.7.1. Detail of Fig.
3.7. Map of the Campus Martius in
the Augustan period between the Piazza Montecitorio and the Saepta. It shows the Palazzo Capranica,
where until the middle of the 19th century, an ancient building
called "Tempio di Siepe" was recorded, the toponym of which indicates
its vicinity to the Saepta. The map
is based on the official photogrammetric data of Roma Capitale and is oriented
so that North is in the middle of the top border, or, in other words, it is
oriented according to `grid north´. The photogrammetric data were generously
provided by the Sovraintendente ai Beni Culturali of Roma Capitale. C. Häuber,
reconstruction. This map was made with the "AIS ROMA" (C. Häuber and
F.X. Schütz 2017).
Pages 72-73: Fig. 3.7.1.1. Detail
of Fig. 3.7.1, with one addition.
Map of the Campus Martius in the
Augustan period, with a comparison of G. Gatti's and A. Ten's locations and
reconstructions of the Arco di Camilliano and of the cosiddetto Arco di Giano
alla Minerva. The map is based on the official photogrammetric data of Roma
Capitale and is oriented so that North is in the middle of the top border, or,
in other words, it is oriented according to `grid north´. The photogrammetric
data were generously provided by the Sovraintendente ai Beni Culturali of Roma
Capitale. C. Häuber, reconstruction. This map was made with the "AIS
ROMA" (C. Häuber and F.X. Schütz 2017).
Pages 74-75: Fig. 3.7.2. Overlay of
G.B. Nolli's large Rome map (1748, enlarged), and the photogrammetric data,
showing the Palazzo Capranica at the Piazza Capranica. The map is based on the
official photogrammetric data of Roma Capitale and is oriented so that North is
in the middle of the top border, or, in other words, it is oriented according
to `grid north´. The photogrammetric data were generously provided by the
Sovraintendente ai Beni Culturali of Roma Capitale. C. Häuber, reconstruction.
This map was made with the "AIS ROMA" (C. Häuber and F.X. Schütz
2017).
Pages 76-79: Fig. 3.7.3. Same as Fig. 3.7.2, with some additions.
Overlay of G.B. Nolli's large Rome map (1748, enlarged), and the photogrammetric
data, showing the Palazzo Capranica at the Piazza Capranica.
28
The map is
based on the official photogrammetric data of Roma Capitale and is oriented so
that North is in the middle of the top border, or, in other words, it is
oriented according to `grid north´. The photogrammetric data were generously
provided by the Sovraintendente ai Beni Culturali of Roma Capitale. C. Häuber,
reconstruction. This map was made with the "AIS ROMA" (C. Häuber and
F.X. Schütz 2017).
Page 80: Fig. 3.7.4. "Tempio di
Siepe", an ancient building that was documented within Palazzo Capranica
at Piazza Capranica. Drawing, plan and section. Windsor 12138. After: C. Hülsen
(1912, 127, Fig. 85).
Pages 80-86: Fig. 3.7.5. Detail of Fig. 3.7.1, with additions. Map of the Campus Martius in the Augustan period
between the Piazza Montecitorio and the Saepta.
It shows the Palazzo Capranica, which accommodates since 1457 the Collegio
Capranica. In an internal court of this Collegio stood until the middle of the
19th century the remains of an ancient building, called "Tempio
di Siepe", the toponym of which indicates its vicinity to the Saepta. Added are here two
reconstructions of the Precinct of Matidia, the reconstruction by H.-J. Beste
and H. von Hesberg (2015) and my own reconstruction. The map is based on the
official photogrammetric data of Roma Capitale and is oriented so that North is
in the middle of the top border, or, in other words, it is oriented according
to `grid north´. The photogrammetric data were generously provided by the
Sovraintendente ai Beni Culturali of Roma Capitale. C. Häuber, reconstruction.
This map was made with the "AIS ROMA" (C. Häuber and F.X. Schütz
2017).
Pages 86-92: Fig. 3.7.5a. This map is almost identical with the map Fig. 3.7.5, but comprises two further
additions. The first addition is the light blue axial line, which runs from
north to south through my "Tempio di Siepe", my reconstruction of the
"TEMPLUM: MATIDIA" and through the "SAEPTA". This line is
oriented like the Saepta (i.e.,
towards the celestial North Pole), and is labelled as follows: North-south
axis. The second addition is the "VIA RECTA" (that was only built
after the Augustan period), which is drawn with a blue line. It appears on this
map, in order to indicate the utmost boundary of the Precinct of Matidia and of
the Hadrianeum in the north. The map
is based on the official photogrammetric data of Roma Capitale and is oriented
so that North is in the middle of the top border, or, in other words, it is
oriented according to `grid north´. The photogrammetric data were generously
provided by the Sovraintendente ai Beni Culturali of Roma Capitale. C. Häuber,
reconstruction. This map was made with the "AIS ROMA" (C. Häuber and
F.X. Schütz 2017).
Pages 92-98: Fig. 3.7.5b. This map has
great similarities with the map Fig.
3.7.5a, and is likewise based on my map Fig. 3.7.5. Contrary to those maps, it shows only my own
reconstruction of the Precinct of Matidia, in relation to the Hadrianeum and to the Saepta. The light blue axial line, which
runs from north to south through my "Tempio di Siepe", my
reconstruction of the "TEMPLUM: MATIDIA" and through the
"SAEPTA", is oriented like the Saepta
(i.e., towards the celestial North Pole), and is labelled as follows:
North-south axis. On this map, this axial line is shown in its full length,
running from the "Tempio di Siepe" for ca. 500 m down to the Corso
Vittorio Emanuele II. The map is based on the official photogrammetric data of
Roma Capitale and is oriented so that North is in the middle of the top border,
or, in other words, it is oriented according to `grid north´. The
photogrammetric data were generously provided by the Sovraintendente ai Beni
Culturali of Roma Capitale. C. Häuber, reconstruction. This map was made with
the "AIS ROMA" (C. Häuber and F.X. Schütz 2017).
Pages 98-103: Fig. 3.7.5c. Map of the
sacred area built by Hadrian on the Via Flaminia/ Via Lata, with the Arch of
Hadrian, the Hadrianeum and the
Precinct of Matidia (represented is my own reconstruction of the Precinct of
Matidia). This map is a detail of the map Fig.
3.7.5b. The map is based on the official photogrammetric data of Roma
Capitale and is oriented so that North is in the middle of the top border, or,
in other words, it is oriented according to `grid north´. The photogrammetric
data were generously provided by the Sovraintendente ai Beni Culturali of Roma
Capitale. C. Häuber, reconstruction. This map was made with the "AIS
ROMA" (C. Häuber and F.X. Schütz 2017).
29
Page 104: Fig. 3.7.6. Reverse of a bronze
medallion issued by Hadrian with representation of the Temple of Matidia and
its two pertaining Basilicas in Rome. After:
M. Fuchs (2014, 137, Fig. 19 "Medaillon. Wien, Kunsthistorisches Museum,
Inv. MK 9876").
Pages 104-106: Fig. 3.8.
Detail of the map shown on Fig. 3.5.
Map of the Campus Martius showing the
area, where the Montecitorio Obelisk and the Ara Pacis were found, with
integration of G. Gatti's reconstruction of the Ara Pacis. The map is based on
the official photogrammetric data of Roma Capitale and is oriented so that
North is in the middle of the top border, or, in other words, it is oriented
according to `grid north´. The photogrammetric data were generously provided by
the Sovraintendente ai Beni Culturali of Roma Capitale. C. Häuber, reconstruction.
This map was made with the "AIS ROMA" (C. Häuber and F.X. Schütz
2017).
Pages 106-108: Fig. 3.9.
Detail of the map shown on Fig. 3.8.
Map of the Campus Martius showing the
area, where the Montecitorio Obelisk and the Ara Pacis were found with
integration of Guglielmo Gatti's reconstruction of the Ara Pacis. The map is
based on the official photogrammetric data of Roma Capitale and is oriented so
that North is in the middle of the top border, or, in other words, it is
oriented according to `grid north´. The photogrammetric data were generously
provided by the Sovraintendente ai Beni Culturali of Roma Capitale. C. Häuber,
reconstruction. This map was made with the "AIS ROMA" (C. Häuber and
F.X. Schütz 2017).
Pages 108-110: Fig. 3.10. Map
almost identical with that on Fig. 3.9.
The only difference is that here the equinoctial line of Buchner's
"Horologium Augusti" is missing. Map of the Campus Martius showing the area, where the Montecitorio Obelisk and
the Ara Pacis were found with integration of G. Gatti's reconstruction of the
Ara Pacis. The map is based on the official photogrammetric data of Roma
Capitale and is oriented so that North is in the middle of the top border, or,
in other words, it is oriented according to `grid north´. The photogrammetric
data were generously provided by the Sovraintendente ai Beni Culturali of Roma
Capitale. C. Häuber, reconstruction. This map was made with the "AIS
ROMA" (C. Häuber and F.X. Schütz 2017).
Page 114: Fig. 4. The obelisk
standing in front of the Church of SS. Trinità dei Monti, also known as the `horti Sallustiani obelisk´ and as the
`Ludovisi obelisk´ (photo: F. X. Schütz 28-V-2016).
Pages 115: Fig. 5.1. The obelisk
standing on the Piazza di S. Giovanni in Laterano, also known as the `Lateran obelisk´
(photo: F. X. Schütz 27-IX-2015).
Pages 126-132: Fig. 5.2. G. Gatti's reconstruction of the Iseum Campense superimposed on the large Rome map by G.B. Nolli
(1748). This overlay shows in the foreground G. Gatti's plan of the Iseum Campense comprising the buildings
surrounding it (cf. LTUR [1993] 429
Fig. 122a). We have georeferenced his plan, then I drew the ground-plans of the
relevant ancient buildings and integrated these into the photogrammetric data/
the cadastre. In the background appears on this map the relevant detail of G.B.
Nolli's large Rome map (1748; cf. F. Ehrle 1932), which we georeferenced as
well. The map is based on the official photogrammetric data of Roma Capitale
and is oriented so that North is in the middle of the top border, or, in other
words, it is oriented according to `grid north´. The photogrammetric data were
generously provided by the Sovraintendente ai Beni Culturali of Roma Capitale.
C. Häuber, reconstruction. This map was made with the "AIS ROMA" (C.
Häuber and F.X. Schütz 2017).
Page 135: Fig. 5.3. Marble
(cult-) statue of Minerva. Roma, Musei Capitolini, Palazzo Nuovo (inv. no. MC
37), 3.29 m high. After: Häuber (2014, 481 Fig. 118).
Pages 139: Fig. 5.4. Marble relief
from the tomb of the Haterii, with representation of buildings in Rome. The
`Arcus ad Isis´ is the structure on the far left. Città del Vaticano, Musei
Vaticani, Museo Gregoriano Profano (inv. no. 9997). After: Häuber 2014 (480
Fig. 116).
30
Page 141: Fig. 5.5. Fragmentary
colossal marble statue of Isis, so-called "Madama Lucrezia" (2.28 m
high), one of the `statue parlanti´ of Rome. Rome, Piazza S. Marco. Possibly
found at the Iseum Campense (photo:
F. X. Schütz 24-IX-2015).
Page 155: Fig. 5.5.1. Obeliscus
Minerveus, from the Iseum Campense,
mounted on a socle in the shape of an elephant created by Gianlorenzo Bernini.
Piazza della Minerva (photo: F. X. Schütz March 2006).
Pages 156: Fig. 5.5.2. Obeliscus
Pamphilius/ Domitian's Obelisk. From the Iseum
Campense? On display on top of Gianlorenzo Bernini's `Fountain of the Four
Rivers´ in the Piazza Navona (photo: F. X. Schütz March 2006).
Page 157: Fig. 5.6. Detail of
Giambattista (G.B.) Falda's bird's eye-view map of Rome (1676). Note that north
is in the middle of the left border of his entire map which consists of 12
sheets. The detail shown here, comprises sections from four adjacent sheets of
his map. After: F. Ehrle (1931).
Pages 247: Fig. 5.7. Adventus-relief from the Arch of Hadrian
on the Via Flaminia/ Via Lata, showing Hadrian, returning
from a military campaign (the Bar Kokhba Revolt), who is greeted immediately
outside one of the gates in the Servian city Wall (the Porta Capena?) by the goddess Roma, the Genius Senatus and the Genius
Populi Romani, marble. Rome, Musei Capitolini, Palazzo dei Conservatori
(inv. no. MC 810). After: M. Fuchs (2014, 132, Fig. 12).
Page 249: Fig. 5.8. Apotheosis of
Sabina, watched by her husband, the Emperor Hadrian, and by a reclining youth
on the left, the representation of the Campus
Martius. Marble relief from the former Arco di Portogallo in Rome, but
originally commissioned for the Arch of Hadrian on the Via Flaminia/ Via Lata.
Rome, Musei Capitolini, Palazzo dei Conservatori (inv. no. MC 1213). After: M.
Fuchs (2014, 239, Fig. 21).
Page 250: Fig. 5.9. So-called adlocutio-relief from the former Arco di
Portogallo in Rome. This marble relief originally belonged to the arch, erected
in honour of the Emperor Hadrian on the Via
Flaminia/ Via Lata. It shows the
Emperor Hadrian, accompanied by the Genius
Senatus, while delivering a speech on the occasion of his endowment of the Athenaeum in Rome. In front of the
platform stands an adolescent boy, who is accompanied by the Genius Populi Romani; the youth
represents the future students of the Athenaeum.
Rome, Musei Capitolini, Palazzo dei Conservatori (inv. no. MC 832). After M.
Fuchs (2014, 139, Fig. 22).
Page 338: Fig. 6. Marble bust of
Commodus as Hercules Romanus and two Tritons or Seacentaurs, found in the horti of Maecenas (`horti Lamiani´) together with the `Esquiline Venus´, but perhaps
originally dedicated in the sanctuary of Isis
et Serapis in Regio III in Rome.
Musei Capitolini, Palazzo dei Conservatori (inv. nos. MC 1120, 1119, 1121).
After: Häuber (2014, p. 42, Fig. 17a).
Page 344: Fig. 7. Hemidrachmon (?), bronze, minted by
Augustus at Alexandria. Obverse: Portrait of Livia, reverse: dikeras (two parallel cornucopiae). Universität zu Köln,
Institut für Altertumskunde (inv. no. AL_0035). Online at: <http://muenzen.uni-koeln.de/portal/databases/id/muenzen/titles/id/AL_0035.html?l=en>
29-XI-2015.
Page 345: Fig. 8. Obol, bronze, minted by Augustus at
Alexandria. Obverse: Portrait of Augustus, wearing a laurel wreath, reverse: dikeras (two parallel cornucopiae). Universität zu Köln, Institut für Altertumskunde
(inv. no. AL_0013). Online at:
<http://muenzen.uni-koeln.de/portal/databases/id/muenzen/titles/id/AL_0013.html?l=en>
29-XI-2015.
Page 346: Fig. 9. The Antinous Obelisk on the Pincio in Rome, also
known as the `Barberini obelisk´ and as `Monte Pincio obelisk´. Originally
commissioned by Hadrian for the tomb of Antinous at Antinoopolis, or for a
cenotaph of Antinous, the location of which is controversial (photo: F. X.
Schütz 20-IX-2015).
31
Page 353: Fig. 10.1.
Reconstruction of the Campus Martius
in the Augustan period. Etching, unsigned and undated. After: Angelo Maria
Bandini I 1750, p. XXIII. Courtesy: The British School at Rome.
Page 355: Fig. 10.2. Watermarks on
the façade of the Church of S. Maria sopra Minerva in Rome, indicating the high
waters of six post-antique Tiber floods (until 1870); cf. n. 149 (photo: F.X.
Schütz (September 2015).
Page 356: Fig. 10.3. Watermark in
the portico of the Church of S. Lorenzo in Lucina, indicating the Tiber flood
of 28th December 1870 (photo: F.X. Schütz 29-V-2016).
Pages 359: Fig. 10.4. Water gauge
(`idrometro´) from the former Porto
di Ripetta, today on the south side of the Church of S. Rocco, across the Via
di Ripetta from the Museo dell' Ara Pacis (photos: F.X. Schütz 24-V-2016).
Page 367: Fig. 10.5. The Meridian
at the Church of S. Maria degli Angeli in Rome, created by Francesco Bianchini
and Giacomo Maraldi (1702) (photo: F.X. Schütz May 2015).
Page 367: Fig. 10.6. The `gnomon
hole´ which belongs to this Meridian of the Church of S. Maria degli Angeli in
Rome. (photo: F.X. Schütz September 2016).
Page 367: Fig. 10.7. Inscription
belonging to the Meridian at the Church of S. Maria degli Angeli in Rome
(photo: F.X. Schütz September 2016).
Page 410: Fig. 11. The
inscription on the southern façade of the former Palazzo Conti, today Piazza
del Parlamento no. 3, dated 1748, that reports on the extraction of the Montecitorio
Obelisk (photo: F.X. Schütz 29-V-2016).
Page 438: Fig. 12.1. Marble relief
representing Eudoxos. Budapest, Museum of Fine Arts (inv. no. 4776). Photo: H.R.
Goette.
Page 438: Fig. 12.2. Marble relief
representing Anaximander. Rome, Museo Nazionale Romano (inv. no. 506). Su
concessione del Ministero dei beni e delle attività culturali e del turismo -
Soprintendenza Speciale per il Colosseo, il Museo Nazionale Romano e l'Area
archeologica di Roma.
Page 439: Fig. 12.3. Marble relief
representing an unknown philosopher. Formerly Rome, Antiquarium Comunale.
After: H. Blanck (1999, Taf. 8.5).
Page 439: Fig. 12.4. The
rhyton-shaped fountain head signed by `Pontios the Athenian´, marble. Rome,
Musei Capitolini, Palazzo dei Conservatori (inv. no. MC 1397). After: Häuber
(2014, 830, Fig. 152).
Page 440: Fig. 12.5. Marble relief,
Augustan copy of the Great Eleusinian Relief from the horti of Maecenas. New York, The Metropolitan Museum of Art. After:
Häuber (2014, Fig. 126 on p. 486).
Page 514: Fig. 12.6. Inscription on
the coat of arms of Pope Sixtus V above the main entrance of the Palazzo della
Sapienza in Rome (now: Archivio di Stato di Roma) on the Corso del
Rinascimento: Initium Sapientiae Timor Domini (photos: L. Gigli: 3-III-2017).
Page 554: Fig. 13. Of the 70
individuals belonging to Augustus' family discussed here, comprising himself, 16, whose names are written in bold, were buried in
the Mausoleum Augusti; 30, whose
names are written in red, were not buried
there. A third group consists of 24 people.
Apart from the Domitii, who were presumably buried in the Sep.[ulcrum] Domitiorum, they
could in theory have been buried in the Mausoleum,
but so far is unknown, where they were actually put to rest. Their names are
written in normal script.
32