In the following, I allow myself a digression on my "Tempio di
Siepe", the real (ancient) "Tempio di Siepe", and on the Temple
and Precinct of Matidia.
The
"Tempio di Siepe" is recorded in the photogrammetric data/ the
cadastre in form of a lineament,
which is located within the court of Collegio Capranica at Palazzo Capranica,
and documents the north-western half of the ground-plan of a building. This lineament has not previously attracted
any interest.
My research,
summarized here, was inspired by a conversation with Laura Gigli, Giuseppe
Simonetta and Gabriella Marchetti on 30th September 2015 in Rome
(followed by many telephone calls after that), who are in the course of
studying the Palazzo Capranica and the Collegio Capranica, for which, since its
foundation in 1457, part of this huge Palazzo had been erected. They were so
kind as to share their recent findings with us - for example Giuseppe Simonetta
by alerting me to the former "Tempio di Siepe", that once stood
`within Palazzo Capranica´ - as our sources of past centuries record. In the
course of my relevant studies, three structures were found that have so far not
been considered. The first two are my "Tempio di Siepe", and a large
shape, drawn by Nolli at the same site: these `two´ turn out to be in a certain
sense in part identical. The third structure, which is still extant, may
reflect the exhedra of the Temple of Matidia. But as we shall see, it seems
also possible that this Temple of Matidia did not have an exhedra. The site has not been excavated so far, which
is why the true nature of the remains of these ancient and later buildings is
unknown. Nevertheless their discussion in this context has resulted in some new
findings concerning the Temple and Precinct of Diva Matidia, its two pertaining
Basilicas, dedicated to Diva Marciana and Diva Matidia, and concerning another
Temple (of Diva Sabina?) within the same Precinct.
My "Tempio
di Siepe", as it appears in form of a lineament
in the photogrammetric data, is actually a "piccolo appartamento",
built (in the 1950s?) for guests, who visit the students of the Collegio
Capranica, as Laura Gigli was so kind as to tell me. But she herself, Giuseppe
Simonetta and Gabriella Marchetti have found out that its peculiar ground-plan
copies (in part) that of a building, which appears on an unpublished measured
plan of the basement of Palazzo Capranica, which is kept at the Archivio
Capranica. A comparison with a pertaining plan of the ground-floor of Palazzo
Carpanica in the same archive shows that this structure stands immediately
underneath that site, which is currently occupied by the "piccolo
appartamento". The latter building, standing in the basement of the
Palazzo, is the real "Tempio di
Siepe". My thanks are due to Laura Gigli and her colleagues, who are in
the course of studying these plans, for having provided me with copies of them.
For an aerial photograph of the "piccolo appartamento", which was
erected within the court of Collegio Capranica, on top of the "Tempio di Siepe",
cf. Atlante di Roma 1996, pl. 85.
These two plans of the basement and ground-floor of Palazzo Capranica document
also a structure, which occupies the site where, in my opinion, the eastern
half of the exhedra of my Temple of Matidia could have stood, provided this
Temple had an exhedra at all. Its ground-plan is also documented by the
photogrammetric data/ the cadastre. On Figs.
3.5; 3.7; 3.7.1; 3.7.3; 3.7.5; 3.7.5a; 3.7.5b; 3.7.5c, this ground-plan is
drawn with a light purple line and labelled: Exhedra?
In my opinion, the "Tempio di Siepe" was either itself a part
of the Temple of Matidia, or it was erected at the site of a building, that had
belonged to this Temple. For the Temple of Matidia itself, I am suggesting a
new location within the Precinct of Matidia, as well as a new reconstruction.
My
reconstruction of the Precinct of Matidia (labelled: TEMPLUM: MATIDIA), which,
as a whole, is reminiscent of the Templum
Pacis (cf. here Fig. 3.5,
labels: CARINAE; TEMPLUM PACIS), is drawn on Fig. 3.5 as a red area, bordered with black broken lines, the
reconstructions of its pertaining buildings are drawn with black broken lines;
the reconstructed rows of pertaining halls (?) are drawn with blue broken
lines. On Figs. 3.7; 3.7.1; 3.7.5;
3.7.5a; 3.7.5b; 3.7.5c, my
Precinct of Matidia and the reconstructions of its pertaining buildings are
drawn with red broken lines; the reconstructed rows of pertaining halls (?) are
drawn with grey broken lines. On the details of G.B. Nolli's map (1748)
published here (cf. Figs. 3.7.3 and 5.2), the reconstructed rows of
pertaining halls (?) are drawn with yellow broken lines.
55
Figs. 3.7.5b and 3.7.5c show my preliminary reconstruction of the
Precinct of Matidia, other maps the various steps, which have led to this
result. It was not exactly easy to define the status quaestionis of the relevant scholarly debate. Nothing can
better prove this than the facts that I have tried myself to reconstruct the
Precinct of Matidia at all, and that, in the course of this work, it became necessary
to draw in chronological order the maps Figs. 3.7.2; 3.7.3; 3.7.5; 3.7.5a;
3.7.5b and 3.7.5c. Also the Figures `in between´ are related to this subject:
Fig. 3.7.4 shows a drawing of the "Tempio di Siepe", dating to the 17th
century, Fig. 3.7.6 the Hadrianic medallion, representing the Temple of
Matidia. In addition, my already existing map Fig. 5.2 had to be enlarged
considerably.
After studying
the recent discussion concerning the ancient building, that is called by the
modern name "Tempio di Siepe", especially the publications by Jon
Albers (2013), Alessandro Vella (2015) and Heinz-Jürgen Beste and Henner von
Hesberg (2015), the first thing that had to be established was the precise
location of this building: as already stated by Luigi Canina (1850, 399, n.
61), the "Tempio di Siepe" once stood within the first court of
Collegio Capranica at Palazzo Capranica.
Christian
Hülsen (1912, 128-132 with ns. 6, 7, Figs. 86; 87), whom Albers, Vella, Beste
and von Hesberg discuss and follow in some respect, erroneously suggested that
this ancient building could not possibly have stood there, allegedly because of
lack of space - and that although all our relevant cartographic and written
sources explicitly record this fact. Hülsen (op.cit.) therefore, suggested a location of the "Tempio di
Siepe" immediately to the east of Palazzo Capranica. Note that the
location of the "Tempio di Siepe", which Hülsen himself suggested
(cf. id. 1912, 131-132 with n. 6), is marked on his Fig. 86 (label: T.[empio]
di Siepe), and on his Fig. 87 (label: Tempio di Siepe). In addition, Hülsen
assumed an identical copy of the "Tempio di Siepe" to the west of
Palazzo Capranica, integrating both into his reconstruction of the Precinct of
Matidia (cf. his Figs. 86; 87, labels: Palazzo Capranica; Collegio). The reason
for Hülsen's relevant error was that he assumed the ground-plan of the Collegio
Capranica as being much smaller than it actually is. On Hülsen's sketches of
the area on his Figs. 86 and 87, the ground-plan of the Collegio Capranica is
marked within the ground-plan of Palazzo Capranica, but his drawings do not
comprise the court that belongs to the Collegio. See for example G.B. Nolli's
map of 1748, which Hülsen (1912, 135) himself mentioned in the same article in
a different context. See for this court of the Collegio Capranica, Nolli's
index no. 333: the index no. "333" is written on a white rectangle
that represents this court (cf. F. Ehrle 1932, 11, index no. "333 Collegio
Capranica"; and here Figs. 3.7.3;
5.2: label: "333").
The
"Tempio die Siepe", or rather, what was left of it at G.B. Nolli's
time, appears on my maps at the same site as my "Tempio di Siepe"
(i.e., the "piccolo appartamento"), that is to say within the first
court of the Collegio Capranica. There Nolli drew a large rectangular shape at
the court's east wall. Also Nolli's relevant shape has so far not attracted any
interest. On my maps, this large shape, drawn by Nolli's, is partly overlapped
by the lineament, which represents my
"Tempio di Siepe".
I have
highlighted the ground-plan of Nolli's shape with a line that is ending at the
east wall of this court, thus trying to indicate that this shape was possibly
protruding from this wall (as we shall see below, cf. infra, p. 231, this is actually the case). The ground-plan of
Nolli's shape is marked on Figs. 3.7.3;
5.2 with a yellow line, on my map Fig.
3.5 with a blue line, and on my maps Figs.
3.7; 3.7.1; 3.7.5; 3.7.5a; 3.7.5b;
3.7.5c with a pink line. On Fig.
3.7.5a, the lineament (i.e., my
"Tempio di Siepe") is marked with a light purple line and labelled
"Cadastre"; the pink line is labelled "Nolli" on this map.
The lettering "Tempio di Siepe" on this map refers to both
structures. In order to show the lineament
within the photogrammetric data/ the cadastre, which documents my "Tempio
di Siepe", the maps Figs. 3.7.2
and 3.7.3 were drawn; on Fig. 3.7.3, the lineament is highlighted with a light purple line. To show this lineament even more clearly, it appears
on my Fig. 3.7.1 intentionally
`above´ the light purple line, with which it is highlighted on this map; the
photogrammetric data/ the cadastre themselves, which contain this lineament, are drawn on this map with
thin grey lines.
56
The light
purple colour, with which my "Tempio di Siepe" is marked on Figs. 3.7; 3.7.1; 3.7.3; 3.7.5; 3.7.5a; 3.7.5b; 3.7.5c, was chosen in these cases for two reasons, a) because this lineament (i.e., the relevant thin grey line of the photogrammetric
data/ the cadastre) is only visible on a light
colour (as on Fig. 3.7.1), and b), because my intention is to show that
my "Tempio di Siepe", which touches on my maps in the south my
reconstruction of the Temple of Matidia, was not necessarily part of this Temple. Both structures (i.e., this lineament and the ground-plan of my Temple
of Matidia) are documented by different cartographic sources, and seem only
therefore to belong together, because both are (by chance) visualized on my
maps together, with the unforeseen result that they turn out to be immediately
adjacent.
It could be demonstrated in this context that Nolli's large shape within
the court of Collegio Capranica and the real
"Tempio di Siepe" are identical. As already mentioned, the
photogrammetric data/ the cadastre document the "Tempio di Siepe" in
the form of a lineament, that marks
the ground-plan of the "piccolo appartamento" in the court of
Collegio Capranica. This "piccolo appartamento" in its turn was
erected immediately above a structure in the basement of Palazzo Capranica that
has a similar, and in its most important detail - the apse - identical
ground-plan. It is the latter structure, which is of interest here, because it
is the ancient building, called "Tempio di Siepe", that was described
in past centuries, and which Nolli documented as a `large shape´ on his map.
Future research will hopefully clarify the true nature of the buildings
and structures mentioned here, and whether or not they belonged together: my
Temple of Matidia, the structure, here tentatively interpreted as possibly
documenting the site (and part of the ground-plan?) of the exhedra of this
Temple, the rows of halls (?) belonging to the Temple of Matidia, the
"Tempio di Siepe", and the Temple (of Sabina?).
If we ask ourselves, how on earth Hadrian was able to build such a huge
building, like the Precinct of Matidia, in this area, the answer is: because
Augustus had bought the relevant estate. But by doing so, Augustus had pursued
very different aims than Hadrian, of course: we know from a cippus, found on
the Via del Seminario, that he had bought the relevant estate from a private
individual, in order `to give it back to the public´
(cf. CIL VI 874; for a discussion,
cf. infra, pp. 233, 275, 276).
Within the area
in question, my maps comprise tentative reconstructions of the following buildings
and structures: the Precinct of Matidia; the Temple of Matidia; the altar of
Matidia (known from an inscription); halls (?), flanking on either side my
Temple of Matidia; the two Basilicas, dedicated to Matidia and Marciana,
respectively, that stood likewise within the Precinct of Matidia; a section of
a colonnade with columns of cipollino shafts, labelled: "Column bases of a
PORTICUS"; the "PORTICUS FUR [i.e., Lanciani's map Forma Urbis Romae], fol. 15"; two
other Porticoes, documented by fragment 36b of the Severan Marble plan; another
Temple, labelled "TEMPL [...]", (of Sabina?), that likewise stood
within the Precinct of Matidia, and is also documented by fragment 36b of the
Severan Marble plan (the existence of the relevant walls is corroborated by lineaments in Nolli's map and in the
photogrammetric data/ the cadastre); and an altar (of Sabina?), which I myself
assume here.
My relevant
reconstructions are based on the map by E. La Rocca (2012, 57, Fig. "8.
Pianta del Campo Marzio, nella quale sono distinti, a colori differenti, i
monumenti dall'ètà tardo-repubblicana all'età medio-imperiale (disegno di Paola
Mazzei)"), index no. "36 Tempio di Matidia e portici di
Marciana". Details of this map are also published in: E. La Rocca (2014,
133, Fig. 11 and on p. 134, Fig. 12); and in: E. La Rocca (2015a, 60, Fig. 40),
as well as on the recent monograph by Laura Gigli on the Palazzo and Collegio
Capranica (2015); on the new reconstruction of the Temple of Matidia and its
Precinct by Heinz-Jürgen Beste and Henner von Hesberg (2015, Tav. II, K), which
is integrated into my maps Figs. 3.7.3
and 5.2, where it is drawn with
light green broken lines, and into the maps Figs. 3.7.5; 3.7.5a, where it is drawn with dark green broken
lines; on the recent excavation at the near by Istituto di Santa Maria in
Aquiro, conducted and published by Fedora Filippi and Francesca Dell'Era
(2015); and, in addition to that, on cartographic data, which are visible on
fragment 36b of the Severan Marble Plan (cf. Emilio Rodríguez Almeida 1981, 127-129,
tav. 27; LTUR III [1996, 470, Fig.
164]), on Nolli's map (cf. here Figs.
3.7.3; 5.2), and in the photogrammetric data/ the cadastre.
57
Cf. Fig. 3.5, labels: Palazzo Capranica;
VIA RECTA; "Tempio di Siepe" [Nolli's large shape, representing the
"Tempio di Siepe", is drawn with a blue line; the lineaments in the photogrammetric data/
the cadaster, documenting my "Tempio di Siepe" and the structure here
called `Exhedra?´, are drawn with light purple lines]; Temple: MATIDIA?; Altar:
MATIDIA?; BASILICA I after Nolli; BASILICA II; PORTICUS (i.e., my Column bases
of a PORTICUS); GRANITE COLONNADE [i.e., the colonnade excavated by F. Filippi
and F. Dell'Era 2015, drawn with a blue broken line]; PORTICUS [copied after
Lanciani's map Forma Urbis Romae,
fol. 15]; PORTICUS; PORTICUS [both are documented by fragment 36b of the
Severan Marble Plan]; Temple: SABINA?; Altar: SABINA?; TEMPLUM: MATIDIA [the
rows of halls (?) belonging to my Temple of Matidia are drawn with blue broken
lines]; Figs. 3.7; 3.7.1; 3.7.5; 3.7.5a;
3.7.5.b; 3.7.5c, labels: VIA RECTA; North-south axis [drawn with a light
blue line]; "Tempio di Siepe"; Exhedra? [Nolli's large shape,
representing the "Tempio di Siepe", is drawn with a pink line; the lineaments in the photogrammetric data/
the cadastre, documenting my "Tempio di Siepe" and the structure here
called `Exhedra?´, are drawn with light purple lines]; Palazzo and Collegio
Capranica; Torre Capranica; Temple: MATIDIA?/ Collegio/ Teatro Capranica;
"Scalone"; Altar of MATIDIA?; Halls belongings to the Temple of
Matidia? [drawn with grey broken lines]; Halls belonging to the Temple of
Matidia? [drawn with grey broken lines]; BASILICA I after Nolli; BASILICA II
[duplicated after BASILICA I after Nolli]; TEMPLUM: MATIDIA; Column bases of a
PORTICUS [i.e., my reconstruction of the cipollino colonnade]; PORTICUS [i.e.,
the eastern extension of my `Column bases of a PORTICUS´, drawn with a red
broken line]; GRANITE COLONNADE [i.e., the colonnade excavated by F. Filippi
and F. Dell'Era 2015, drawn with a dark red broken line], PORTICUS FUR [i.e.,
Lanciani's map Forma Urbis Romae],
fol. 15; PORTICUS; PORTICUS [both are documented by fragment 36b of the Severan
Marble Plan]; Altar of SABINA?; Temple: SABINA?; TEMPL[...] [a fragmentary inscription,
documented by fragment 36b of the Severan Marble Plan]; Precinct TEMPLUM:
MATIDIA FUM [i.e., Forma Urbis Marmorea
= the Severan Marble Plan] fragment 36b. The
existence of the following walls, that are documented on fragment 36b of the
Severan Marble plan, is corroborated by lineaments
in Nolli's map and in the photogrammetric data/ the cadastre: the south- and
east walls of the Precinct of the Temple of Matidia; the wall, which represents
the south wall and part of the east wall of the podium of the Temple (of Sabina?), and the wall, which represents
part of the south wall of the cella
of this Temple. The relevant sections of these walls are drawn with broad red
lines and are labelled as follows: Nolli; Cadastre; FUM [i.e., Forma Urbis Marmorea = the Severan
Marble Plan, fragment] 36b.
Note that the
bases of the cipollino columns of my "Column bases of a PORTICUS" are
meant as signatures for bases, since the size of those column bases is unknown.
Beste and von Hesberg (2015, 246) assume that the width of the stylobate of
their "Colonnato est/ ovest" is 2.54 m. Contrary to them, and to F.
Filippi and F. Dell'Era (2015), I do not believe that the cipollino colonnade
and the granite colonnade (the latter has been excavated and published by F.
Filippi and F. Dell'Era 2015) stood on the same
stylobate.
Note that the
ground-plans of the current remains of my `BASILICA I´ and `BASILICA II´ within
my Precinct of Matidia, which are documented by the photogrammetric data/ the
cadastre, are marked with thin black lines, and labelled on Figs. 3.7; 3.7.1; 3.7.5; 3.7.5a additionally as follows:
BASILICA I; S. Salvatore in Aquiro?; Casa Giannini; BASILICA I after Nolli
[this lettering belongs to a dark blue line, which marks the ground-plan of
this building, as documented on Nolli's map; for that, cf. here Figs. 3.7.3; 5.2]; BASILICA II; S.
Maria in Aquiro.
Cf. chapter II.
WELL KNOWN FACTS CONCERNING THE SUBJECTS DISCUSSED HERE AND SOME NEW
OBSERVATIONS; Again Augustus' Meridian floor and G. Gatti's reconstruction of
the "Campo Marzio centrale": his location
of the Saepta, and some new
observations concerning the Iseum
Campense; 5.) The toponym `di Siepe´ of the "Tempio di Siepe" further
confirms G. Gatti's location of the Saepta; New reconstructions of the Temple of Matidia and its Precinct; 6.) E. Rodríguez Almeida's attachment of
fragment 36b of the Severan Marble Plan to the Saepta further confirms G. Gatti's reconstruction of the central Campus
Martius: this fragment shows a detail of
the Precinct of Matidia; My
own reconstruction of the Precinct of Matidia; The Temple which is visible on
fragment 36b of the Severan Marble Plan: 2.) My own reconstruction of this so
far anonymous Temple - a TEMPL[um Sabinae]?
58
Let's now return to the other toponyms on my maps published here.
Concerning the
modern topography, I have followed, when not otherwise indicated, the relevant
letterings in the Atlante di Roma 1996
and/ or the relevant indications in the TCI-guide
Roma 1999, and <http://www.osm.org>.
For our
reconstruction of the ground-plan of the Saepta
we consulted Emanuele Gatti ("Saepta Iulia", in: LTUR IV [1999] 228-229, Figs. I, 119, 122, 122a; III, 69); Amanda
Claridge (1998, 202, Fig. 94, p. 207, who drew the ancient wall that has been
attributed to the Porticus Argonautarum
within the Saepta Iulia = ead. 2010,
227, Fig. 95, p. 232). This wall appears already on R. Lanciani's plans (cf. BullCom 11, 1883, Tav. I-II; and R.
Lanciani, FUR, fol. 15); the relevant
detail of the `Main Map´ (scale 1:6000) by Lothar Haselberger et al. 2002 (= id. 2008); Alessandra Ten
(2015, 41, Fig. 1); and Eugenio La Rocca (2012, 57, Fig. 8 [drawing: Paolo
Mazzei] = id. 2014, 134 Fig. 12); id. 2015a, 2 Fig. 1, p. 60 Fig. 40). The
socles of the obelisks flanking the southern entrance to the Mausoleum Augusti were drawn after a
plan published by Eugenio La Rocca (2014, 129 Fig. 6 = Nadia Agnoli, Elisabetta
Carnabuci, Emilia Maria Loreti 2014, 293 Fig. 8. "Mausoleo di Augusto
Ricostruzione dell'assetto di età augustea e imperiale (rielaborazione da
rilievo Pragma)"). We also consulted the relevant plan published by Edmund
Buchner (1996b, 163 Fig. 3 [drawing: Architekturbüro Günter Leonhardt
Stuttgart]); and the relevant detail of the `Main Map´ (scale 1:6000) by Lothar
Haselberger et al. 2002 (= id. 2008).
For the (alleged) cenotaph of Agrippa, cf. La Rocca ("Sepulcrum: Agrippa,
in: LTUR IV [1999], 273-274, Fig.
127; I,120"); cf. infra, p. 583,
n. 306.
For the
location of the Pons Agrippae, we
follow J. Albers (2013, 126 with n. 266 and Fig. 61; cf. pp. 47, 121, 259), who
identifies it with the ancient bridge immediately to the north of Ponte Sisto.
For the location of the horti Domitiae,
we follow Paolo Liverani (2007a, map Fig. 1), for the location of the horti Luculliani, Henri Broise and
Vincent Jolivet (2009, 15 map on Fig. 5): my thanks are due to Vincent Jolivet
for providing me with a copy of this publication. The ground-plans of the
`Nymphaeum/ Theatre´ and of the Temple of Fortuna in the horti Luculliani were drawn after the measured ground-plans
published by Broise and Jolivet (2009, p. 17, Fig. 8 ["relevé H.
Broise"] and p. 22, Fig. 12 ["H. Broise, avec contribution d'A.
Olivier et mise au net d'U. Colalelli"]. See also the Contribution by
Vincent Jolivet in this volume. For this Temple of Fortuna, cf. also Häuber
(2014, 298 with n. 69, p. 404 with n. 26). The course of the Aqua Virgo was drawn after a map,
published by Jolivet 2014 (see also his Contribution in this volume, Fig. 2). This reconstruction considers
the correction of its course in the area of the Via del Caravita, as suggested
by F. Castagnoli (1985, 318-319 with Figs. 6 and 7).
For the
location of the "Scavi Lovatti 1794", we follow R. Lanciani, FUR (fol. 8); for this detail, we
consulted also Liverani (2006-2007, 309 with n. 58, Fig. 11); and E. La Rocca
(2014, 140 with n. 72). The structure "Lo Trullo", the large curving
exhedra in the monumental enclosure wall of the Hadrianeum (cf. n. 306), was drawn after M. Fuchs (2014, 136, Fig.
17 = M. Sapelli 1999, Fig. on p. 118); and A. Vella (2015, 2012, Tav. I, no.
6). We have also consulted the plan, published in: LTUR III (1996) 381, "Fig. 1. Hadrianus, divus, templum. Area del tempio e del suo recinto.
Rilievo di G. Ioppolo 1986 (ADSAR)", after which we also drew the remains
of two piers of the Arch of Hadrian on the Via
Flaminia/ Via Lata. For those piers, cf. M. Fuchs (2014, 134 with n. 79).
The details of G.B. Nolli's large Rome map of 1748 were copied after the
facsimile published by F. Ehrle (1932). Structure C, excavated on the Via del
Plebiscito, was copied after Fedora Filippi (2015a, 78, Fig. 1, who refers to
it as "Contesto C" and discusses it on pp. 91-98 with Figs. 1; 25-30,
Tav. I-II, P). It was earlier referred to as Ara Martis, but may instead be identified as remains of the Villa Publica, or as those of a domus.
The
ground-plans of the AEDES: NYMPHAE on the Via delle Botteghe Oscure and of the
Temple of MARS IN CIRCO were drawn after F. Filippi (2015, Tav. II). Cf. D.
Manacorda ("Nymphae, Aedes", in: LTUR
III [1996] 350-351, Figs. I, 156; 122a; 216). He is fully aware of the fact
that this Temple can only be identified with that of the Nymphs, provided the
Porticus, within which the Temple appears on the Severan Marble Plan, may be
identified with the Porticus Minucia [Frumentaria]; if instead this Porticus
is the Porticus Minucia
59
Vetus, the
Temple in question should be identified as that of the Lares Permarini. See also S. Agache ("Villa Publica", in:
LTUR V [1999] 204-205). Indeed, E.J.
Kondratieff ("Lares Permarini, Aedes map index 21", in: Haselberger et al. 2002 [= 2008] 160;
id.:"Nymphae, Aedes", in: op.cit.,
p. 182, identifies this Temple with that of the Lares Permarini). See
also A.B. Gallia and E.J. Kondratieff ("Aemiliana (2)", in:
Haselberger et al. 2002 [= 2008] 41);
F. Coarelli ("Lares Permarini", in: LTUR III [1996] 174-175, Fig. 84, b; 122; I, 124; II, 97; id.:
"Porticus Minucia Vetus", in: LTUR
IV [1999] 137-138, Fig. II, 97).
In my opinion,
F. Coarelli convincingly identifies the Temple of the Lares Permarini with
Temple D of the Largo Torre Argentina instead, and the Temple of the Via delle
Botteghe Oscure with that of the Nymphs, which stood within the Porticus Minucia Frumentaria, built by
Domitian (cf. id., in: F. Coarelli 2009a, pp. 450-451, cat. no."42
Frammento della Forma Urbis Romae con
la Porticus Minucia Frumentaria",
providing new evidence). I have followed him on my maps published here, and
have drawn its ground-plan after Guglielmo Gatti (cf. LTUR I [1993] 429, Fig. 122a), which is based on the relevant
findings of Lucos Cozza (1968). From G. Gatti's drawing of the Porticus Minucia Frumantaria is clear
that the south-east corner of the porticus
appears on a fragment of the Severan Marble Plan: I have drawn this corner with
a broad red line. The rest of the ground-plan is drawn with a red broken line
in order to indicate that it is reconstructed. Comparisons with the following
publications have shown that G. Gatti's location (op.cit.) of the Porticus
Minucia Frumentaria is not correct: I have located this building as
indicated on the following plans: D. Manacorda ("Crypta Balbi", in: LTUR I [1993] 326-329, 426, "Fig.
192. Crypta Balbi). Pianta
ricostruttiva inserita nel moderno isolato di S. Caterina dei Funari.
Rielaborazione di M. Cante [da D. Manacorda (a cura di), Archeologia urbana a Roma: il progetto della Crypta Balbi. 3. Il giardino del Conservatorio di S. Caterina
della Rosa (1985) 10, fig. 3]"; and D. Manacorda ("Porticus
Minucia Frumentaria", in: LTUR
IV [1999] 132-137). He quotes: LTUR
III (1996) "Fig. 84. Iuno Curritis
... (da D. Manacorda, DialA 8 [1990],
40 Fig. 4)". The location of the Porticus
Minucia Frumentaria, as shown on Manacorda's plans (op.cit.), is corroborated by A. Claridge (2010, 242 Fig. 102, and
especially p. 247); by L. Cozza's site plan; cf. LTUR IV (1999), 444 "Fig. 51. Porticus Minucia Frumentaria. Posizionamento dei fr.[ammenti] FUR [i.e., the Severan Marble Plan] 377
e 322 in rapporto ai resti sul terreno. Disegno di L. Cozza (da L. Cozza, QuadIstTopAnt 6 (1968), 10, fig.
2)"; and by E. La Rocca's map of the Campus
Martius (cf. id. 2012, 57, Fig. 8, index no. 20: "Porticus Minucia e
tempio delle Ninfe" (drawing: P. Mazzei)).
Cf. here Fig. 3.7, labels: Largo Torre
Argentina; Republican temples; LARES PERMARINI; Via delle Botteghe Oscure;
PORTICUS MINUCIA FRUMENTARIA; AEDES: NYMPHAE.; THEATRUM BALBI.
The possible
findspot of a colossal marble statue, described by Poggio Bracciolini within
the Iseum Campense (the "Madama
Lucrezia", here Fig. 5.5?), is
marked on Figs. 3.7; 3.7.1 according
to the relevant suggestion, published by F.P. Arata (2011-2012, 242, Fig. 4).
For the sepulcrum of Aulus Hirtius
were consulted F. Coarelli ("SEPULCRUM: A. HIRTIUS", in: LTUR IV [1999] 290-291, Figs. I, 120,
126; II, 87-88). The ground-plan of the Athenaeum,
built by Hadrian, was drawn after the plans, published by Roberto Egidi (2010,
93 Fig. 1, p. 112 Fig. 31).
The approximate
location of the Arco di Portogallo appears on all the here shown maps, also on Fig. 3.7 (`Map of the Campus Martius in the Augustan period´)
- although this arch was certainly built much later - because it is believed by
some scholars to have been a pomerium-gate
(for that, cf. infra, ns. 56, 136,
306). Although we do not know so far, to which course of the pomerium this gate may have belonged,
the original site of the near by Ara
Pacis Augustae may have been chosen in relation to the pomerium; cf. infra, n.
306; and the Contribution by Filippo Coarelli in this volume. Since several
scholars have suggested that the former Arco di Portogallo may have served as a
pomerium-gate, and/ or that the Ara Pacis Augustae and the Mausoleum Augusti may have had
meaningful distances from the next gate within the Servian city Wall - the Porta Fontinalis - I have measured these
and some other distances in the "AIS ROMA". For my location of the Porta Fontinalis, cf. Häuber (2005, 51
n. 361, Fig. 5, labels: 16; PORTA FONTINALIS; ead. 2014, Map 5, label: PORTA
FONTINALIS); and here Figs. 3.5; 3.7,
labels: Servian city Wall; PORTA FONTINALIS.
60
For this city
gate and all the other here mentioned buildings and structures, cf. here Fig. 3.5. The location and
representation of the `giardino delle ollae´
on the Janiculum (cf. F. Filippi, 2008a; ead. 2008b; Häuber 2014, 297-300, 561)
is based on Andrea Carandini and Paolo Carafa 2012, Tavole fuori testo 24,
label: Hortus (ollae allineate). The Perirrhanterion
was drawn after another plan by E. La Rocca ("Perirrhanterion", in LTUR IV [1999] 79-80, cf. p. 431,
"Fig. 30. Perirrhanterion.
Planimetria della zona del Tempio di Apollo Medico: 1. Perirrhanterion; 2. columna
Bellica. Rilievo di R. Falconi (da E. La Rocca ... [1993], 19 Fig.
2)").
The `new´
ancient roads between the Via delle Botteghe Oscure in the north, the Theatrum Balbi in the west, the Piazza
Lovatelli, Piazza Campitelli, Via Montanara in the south-west, the Via del
Teatro di Marcello in the south-east, and the Piazza d'Aracoeli and the Via
d'Aracoeli in the north-east, that are not only marked on Nolli's large Rome
map (1748) but still exist today, were copied after the photogrammetric data/
the cadastre, and are drawn on Figs.
3.5; 3.7; 3.7.1 with green broken lines. For the Straßenfächer (`fan of roads) that on the Severan Marble Plan leads
to the east side of the Theatrum Balbi,
and is drawn on Figs. 3.5; 3.7; 3.7.1 with thin blue lines, we
consulted the following plans.
D. Manacorda
("Crypta Balbi", in: LTUR I
[1993] 326-329, Figs. 123; 155; 156; 191-193, especially p. 475, "Fig.
191. Crypta Balbi. FUR [= the Severan Marble Plan] frr.
39a-b, 398a-b, 399, 634 riuniti da G. Gatti (da [G.] Gatti ... [1989], 201 fig.
7)"; and p. 476, "Fig. 192. Crypta
Balbi. Pianta ricostruttiva inserita nel moderno isolato di S. Caterina dei
Funari. Rielaborazione di M. Cante [da D. Manacorda (a cura di), Archeologia urbana a Roma: il progetto della
Crypta Balbi. 3. Il giardino del
Conservatorio di S. Caterina della Rosa (1985) 10, fig. 3]"; and D.
Manacorda ("Theatrum Balbi", in: LTUR
V [1999] 30-31, Figs. 17-18; 47; I, 119; 121; 126; 156; IV, 84, especially p.
318, "Fig. 17. Theatrum Balbi.
Pianta attuale dell'area occupata dal teatro e dalla crypta Balbi: in neretto i resti antichi. Elaborazione della
Facoltà di architettura dell'Università di Roma (da G. Gatti, MEFRA 91 [1979], 303 fig. 48)").
This `fan of roads´ actually corroborates the assumption that two of the `new´
(presumed) ancient roads just-mentioned, that are drawn with green broken lines
on Figs. 3.5; 3.7; 3.7.1, are ancient, which allows the
conclusion that this is also true for the other roads.
61